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- '홍대얼짱' 요조, 정성일 감독 데뷔작으로 스크린 진출
- ▲ 지난 5월 '이하나의 페퍼민트'에 출연했던 요조(사진=KBS 화면 캡쳐)[이데일리 SPN 김용운기자] '홍대얼짱' 가수 요조(본명 신수진)가 영화평론가 정성일의 감독 데뷔작으로 스크린에 진출한다. 요조는 정성일 감독의 데뷔작 ‘젊은 베르테르의 슬픔’(가제)에서 신하균, 문정희, 정유미, 김혜나 등 쟁쟁한 영화배우들과 함께 출연, 영화배우 신고식을 치르게 됐다. 요조가 출연하는 ‘젊은 베르테르의 슬픔’은 영화평론가 정성일의 감독 데뷔작으로 화제를 모은 멜로영화. 정성일 감독은 영화 잡지 ‘로드쇼’와 ‘키노’의 편집장을 거쳐 전주국제영화제 프로그래머와 한국영화아카데미, 한국예술종합학교 영상원 교수 등을 역임했다. 특히 ‘로드쇼’와 ‘키노’ 편집장 시절 정성일의 영화 평론은 영화계에서 절대적인 영향력을 행사할 정도로 인정을 받은 바 있다. ‘젊은 베르테르의 슬픔’은 지독하게 슬픈 사랑에 중독된 영수(신하균 분)와 그가 죽도록 사랑하는 여인 미연(문정희 분), 그를 죽도록 사랑하는 또 다른 여인 미연(김혜나 분) 그리고 영수가 사랑의 상처를 치유하기 위해 다시 만나게 되는 선화(정유미 분)와 은하(요조 분), 다섯 남녀의 깊은 슬픔과 사랑을 다룬다. '젊은 베르테르의 슬픔'은 지난 7일 크랭크인 되었으며 내년 2월 촬영을 마치고 개봉할 예정이다. 요조는 영화에서 지독하게 슬픈 사랑에 종독된 영수(신하균 분)가 사랑의 상처를 치유하기 위해 만나는 여자 은하로 분해 영화배우로서의 가능성을 타진한다. 요조는 2007년 ‘My Name is Yozoh with 소규모 아카시아 밴드’로 데뷔한 이후 MBC 드라마 '커피프린스 1호점'의 OST '커피한잔 어때?'와 'Go Go Chan!!' 등으로 주목을 받았다. ▶ 관련기사 ◀☞"여동생이 죽고 내 음악이 태어났다" 첫 정규앨범 낸 싱어송라이터 요조☞[키치 뉴웨이브③]홍대 인디씬의 신상, 장기하가 '핫'한 이유☞[키치 뉴웨이브①]싼 티? 숨겨진 보석같은 이야기의 힘☞[키치 뉴웨이브②]촌티 아이돌 랜드...슈주 T-빅뱅, '폼생폼사? NO!'
- 냉동창고 화재 났다 하면 ''대형참사''
- [노컷뉴스 제공] <!-- 업퍼바이라인 -->경기도 이천 물류창고 화재는 안전불감증과 미비한 법규가 불러온 '예견된 참사'였다는 지적이 설득력을 얻고 있다.사망자가 집단으로 발견된 냉동실은 서터문이 굳게 닫혀있는 거대한 유독가스 저장소나 마찬가지였다.이번 냉동창고 화재로 6명이 불에 타 숨지고 1명이 실종됐으며, 2명은 부상을 입고 병원에 옮겨져 치료를 받는 등 어김없이 대형참사로 이어졌다. 또 진화에 나선 소방관 한 명도 화상을 입고 병원에 옮겨졌다.40여명의 목숨을 앗아갔던 올 초 이천 냉동창고 참사의 악몽이 채 가시기도 전이다.지난 94년부터 냉동창고에서 일어난 대형화재만 모두 12건.냉동창고는 불길이 삽시간에 번지는 샌드위치 패널로 지어진데다, 단열재인 우레탄폼이 유증기를 만들어 내 불이 나면 속수무책이다.냉동창고의 구조도 피해를 키우는 원인이다.창문이 없는 밀폐형 구조인데다 냉기가 새는 것을 막기 위해 셔터문을 굳게 닫은 채 작업을 하기 때문에 옆 방에 불이 나도 알 수가 없다.최진종 경기 소방재난본부장 "냉동실은 구조 특성상 출입문이 없고 셔터문으로 돼있어 닫히면 완전 밀폐가 된다"며 "대피통로가 없기 때문에 인명피해가 클 수밖에 없다"고 말했다. 기본적인 소방시설조차 갖춰지지 않은 점도 화를 키웠다는 지적이다.현행 소방법상 냉동시설의 경우 스프링클러와 소화전 등을 설치하지 않아도 되기 때문이다.결국 이번 화재참사 역시 매번 반복되는 안전불감증과 잘못된 법규가 불러온 인재였다는 지적이 설득력을 얻고 있다.viewBestCut('bestRight')var refNewsArray = new Array();refNewsArray[refNewsArray.length] = { id:'1004783', name:'이천 화재 부상자 송씨, "차 뒷쪽을..', alt:'이천 화재 부상자 송씨, "차 뒷쪽을 향해 무작정 뛰었다"' };refNewsArray[refNewsArray.length] = { id:'1004762', name:'이천 물류창고 화재…사망 6명, 실..', alt:'이천 물류창고 화재…사망 6명, 실종 1명, 부상 2명 (종합2보)' };refNewsArray[refNewsArray.length] = { id:'1004553', name:'이천 물류창고 화재, 1년전 냉동창..', alt:'이천 물류창고 화재, 1년전 냉동창고 화재와 \'판박이\'' };refNewsArray[refNewsArray.length] = { id:'1004536', name:'샌드위치 패널이 참사 불렀다…이천..', alt:'샌드위치 패널이 참사 불렀다…이천 물류창고 화재(7보)' };relNewsViewNew();
- (G20회의)G20 정상선언문 전문(영문본)
- [워싱턴=이데일리 이진우기자] 다음은 15일(미국 현지시각) 발표된 G20 정상회의 정상선언문(영문) 전문이다.DECLARATIONSUMMIT ON FINANCIAL MARKETS AND THE WORLD ECONOMYNovember 15, 20081. We, the Leaders of the Group of Twenty, held an initial meeting in Washington on November 15, 2008, amid serious challenges to the world economy and financial markets. We are determined to enhance our cooperation and work together to restore global growth and achieve needed reforms in the world's financial systems.2. Over the past months our countries have taken urgent and exceptional measures to support the global economy and stabilize financial markets. These efforts must continue. At the same time, we must lay the foundation for reform to help to ensure that a global crisis, such as this one, does not happen again. Our work will be guided by a shared belief that market principles, open trade and investment regimes, and effectively regulated financial markets foster the dynamism, innovation, and entrepreneurship that are essential for economic growth, employment, and poverty reduction.Root Causes of the Current Crisis3. During a period of strong global growth, growing capital flows, and prolonged stability earlier this decade, market participants sought higher yields without an adequate appreciation of the risks and failed to exercise proper due diligence. At the same time, weak underwriting standards, unsound risk management practices, increasingly complex and opaque financial products, and consequent excessive leverage combined to create vulnerabilities in the system. Policy-makers, regulators and supervisors, in some advanced countries, did not adequately appreciate and address the risks building up in financial markets, keep pace with financial innovation, or take into account the systemic ramifications of domestic regulatory actions.4. Major underlying factors to the current situation were, among others, inconsistent and insufficiently coordinated macroeconomic policies, inadequate structural reforms, which led to unsustainable global macroeconomic outcomes. These developments, together, contributed to excesses and ultimately resulted in severe market disruption.Actions Taken and to Be Taken5. We have taken strong and significant actions to date to stimulate our economies, provide liquidity, strengthen the capital of financial institutions, protect savings and deposits, address regulatory deficiencies, unfreeze credit markets, and are working to ensure that international financial institutions (IFIs) can provide critical support for the global economy.6. But more needs to be done to stabilize financial markets and support economic growth. Economic momentum is slowing substantially in major economies and the global outlook has weakened. Many emerging market economies, which helped sustain the world economy this decade, are still experiencing good growth but increasingly are being adversely impacted by the worldwide slowdown.7. Against this background of deteriorating economic conditions worldwide, we agreed that a broader policy response is needed, based on closer macroeconomic cooperation, to restore growth, avoid negative spillovers and support emerging market economies and developing countries. As immediate steps to achieve these objectives, as well as to address longer-term challenges, we will:Continue our vigorous efforts and take whatever further actions are necessary to stabilize the financial system.Recognize the importance of monetary policy support, as deemed appropriate to domestic conditions.Use fiscal measures to stimulate domestic demand to rapid effect, as appropriate, while maintaining a policy framework conducive to fiscal sustainability.Help emerging and developing economies gain access to finance in current difficult financial conditions, including through liquidity facilities and program support. We stress the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) important role in crisis response, welcome its new short-term liquidity facility, and urge the ongoing review of its instruments and facilities to ensure flexibility.Encourage the World Bank and other multilateral development banks (MDBs) to use their full capacity in support of their development agenda, and we welcome the recent introduction of new facilities by the World Bank in the areas of infrastructure and trade finance.Ensure that the IMF, World Bank and other MDBs have sufficient resources to continue playing their role in overcoming the crisis.Common Principles for Reform of Financial Markets8. In addition to the actions taken above, we will implement reforms that will strengthen financial markets and regulatory regimes so as to avoid future crises. Regulation is first and foremost the responsibility of national regulators who constitute the first line of defense against market instability. However, our financial markets are global in scope, therefore, intensified international cooperation among regulators and strengthening of international standards, where necessary, and their consistent implementation is necessary to protect against adverse cross-border, regional and global developments affecting international financial stability. Regulators must ensure that their actions support market discipline, avoid potentially adverse impacts on other countries, including regulatory arbitrage, and support competition, dynamism and innovation in the marketplace. Financial institutions must also bear their responsibility for the turmoil and should do their part to overcome it including by recognizing losses, improving disclosure and strengthening their governance and risk management practices.9. We commit to implementing policies consistent with the following common principles for reform.Strengthening Transparency and Accountability: We will strengthen financial market transparency, including by enhancing required disclosure on complex financial products and ensuring complete and accurate disclosure by firms of their financial conditions. Incentives should be aligned to avoid excessive risk-taking.Enhancing Sound Regulation: We pledge to strengthen our regulatory regimes, prudential oversight, and risk management, and ensure that all financial markets, products and participants are regulated or subject to oversight, as appropriate to their circumstances. We will exercise strong oversight over credit rating agencies, consistent with the agreed and strengthened international code of conduct. We will also make regulatory regimes more effective over the economic cycle, while ensuring that regulation is efficient, does not stifle innovation, and encourages expanded trade in financial products and services. We commit to transparent assessments of our national regulatory systems.Promoting Integrity in Financial Markets: We commit to protect the integrity of the world's financial markets by bolstering investor and consumer protection, avoiding conflicts of interest, preventing illegal market manipulation, fraudulent activities and abuse, and protecting against illicit finance risks arising from non-cooperative jurisdictions. We will also promote information sharing, including with respect to jurisdictions that have yet to commit to international standards with respect to bank secrecy and transparency.Reinforcing International Cooperation: We call upon our national and regional regulators to formulate their regulations and other measures in a consistent manner. Regulators should enhance their coordination and cooperation across all segments of financial markets, including with respect to cross-border capital flows. Regulators and other relevant authorities as a matter of priority should strengthen cooperation on crisis prevention, management, and resolution.Reforming International Financial Institutions: We are committed to advancing the reform of the Bretton Woods Institutions so that they can more adequately reflect changing economic weights in the world economy in order to increase their legitimacy and effectiveness. In this respect, emerging and developing economies, including the poorest countries, should have greater voice and representation. The Financial Stability Forum (FSF) must expand urgently to a broader membership of emerging economies, and other major standard setting bodies should promptly review their membership. The IMF, in collaboration with the expanded FSF and other bodies, should work to better identify vulnerabilities, anticipate potential stresses, and act swiftly to play a key role in crisis response.Tasking of Ministers and Experts10. We are committed to taking rapid action to implement these principles. We instruct our Finance Ministers, as coordinated by their 2009 G-20 leadership (Brazil, UK, Republic of Korea), to initiate processes and a timeline to do so. An initial list of specific measures is set forth in the attached Action Plan, including high priority actions to be completed prior to March 31, 2009.In consultation with other economies and existing bodies, drawing upon the recommendations of such eminent independent experts as they may appoint, we request our Finance Ministers to formulate additional recommendations, including in the following specific areas:Mitigating against pro-cyclicality in regulatory policy;Reviewing and aligning global accounting standards, particularly for complex securities in times of stress;Strengthening the resilience and transparency of credit derivatives markets and reducing their systemic risks, including by improving the infrastructure of over-the-counter markets;Reviewing compensation practices as they relate to incentives for risk taking and innovation;Reviewing the mandates, governance, and resource requirements of the IFIs; andDefining the scope of systemically important institutions and determining their appropriate regulation or oversight.11. In view of the role of the G-20 in financial systems reform, we will meet again by April 30, 2009, to review the implementation of the principles and decisions agreed today.Commitment to an Open Global Economy12. We recognize that these reforms will only be successful if grounded in a commitment to free market principles, including the rule of law, respect for private property, open trade and investment, competitive markets, and efficient, effectively regulated financial systems. These principles are essential to economic growth and prosperity and have lifted millions out of poverty, and have significantly raised the global standard of living. Recognizing the necessity to improve financial sector regulation, we must avoid over-regulation that would hamper economic growth and exacerbate the contraction of capital flows, including to developing countries.13. We underscore the critical importance of rejecting protectionism and not turning inward in times of financial uncertainty. In this regard, within the next 12 months, we will refrain from raising new barriers to investment or to trade in goods and services, imposing new export restrictions, or implementing World Trade Organization (WTO) inconsistent measures to stimulate exports. Further, we shall strive to reach agreement this year on modalities that leads to a successful conclusion to the WTO's Doha Development Agenda with an ambitious and balanced outcome. We instruct our Trade Ministers to achieve this objective and stand ready to assist directly, as necessary. We also agree that our countries have the largest stake in the global trading system and therefore each must make the positive contributions necessary to achieve such an outcome.14. We are mindful of the impact of the current crisis on developing countries, particularly the most vulnerable. We reaffirm the importance of the Millennium Development Goals, the development assistance commitments we have made, and urge both developed and emerging economies to undertake commitments consistent with their capacities and roles in the global economy. In this regard, we reaffirm the development principles agreed at the 2002 United Nations Conference on Financing for Development in Monterrey, Mexico, which emphasized country ownership and mobilizing all sources of financing for development.15. We remain committed to addressing other critical challenges such as energy security and climate change, food security, the rule of law, and the fight against terrorism, poverty and disease.16. As we move forward, we are confident that through continued partnership, cooperation, and multilateralism, we will overcome the challenges before us and restore stability and prosperity to the world economy.Action Plan to Implement Principles for ReformThis Action Plan sets forth a comprehensive work plan to implement the five agreed principles for reform. Our finance ministers will work to ensure that the taskings set forth in this Action Plan are fully and vigorously implemented. They are responsible for the development and implementation of these recommendations drawing on the ongoing work of relevant bodies, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF), an expanded Financial Stability Forum (FSF), and standard setting bodies.Strengthening Transparency and AccountabilityImmediate Actions by March 31, 2009The key global accounting standards bodies should work to enhance guidance for valuation of securities, also taking into account the valuation of complex, illiquid products, especially during times of stress.Accounting standard setters should significantly advance their work to address weaknesses in accounting and disclosure standards for off-balance sheet vehicles.Regulators and accounting standard setters should enhance the required disclosure of complex financial instruments by firms to market participants.With a view toward promoting financial stability, the governance of the international accounting standard setting body should be further enhanced, including by undertaking a review of its membership, in particular in order to ensure transparency, accountability, and an appropriate relationship between this independent body and the relevant authorities.Private sector bodies that have already developed best practices for private pools of capital and/or hedge funds should bring forward proposals for a set of unified best practices. Finance Ministers should assess the adequacy of these proposals, drawing upon the analysis of regulators, the expanded FSF, and other relevant bodies.Medium-term actionsThe key global accounting standards bodies should work intensively toward the objective of creating a single high-quality global standard.Regulators, supervisors, and accounting standard setters, as appropriate, should work with each other and the private sector on an ongoing basis to ensure consistent application and enforcement of high-quality accounting standards.Financial institutions should provide enhanced risk disclosures in their reporting and disclose all losses on an ongoing basis, consistent with international best practice, as appropriate. Regulators should work to ensure that a financial institution' financial statements include a complete, accurate, and timely picture of the firm's activities (including off-balance sheet activities) and are reported on a consistent and regular basis.Enhancing Sound RegulationRegulatory RegimesImmediate Actions by March 31, 2009The IMF, expanded FSF, and other regulators and bodies should develop recommendations to mitigate pro-cyclicality, including the review of how valuation and leverage, bank capital, executive compensation, and provisioning practices may exacerbate cyclical trends.Medium-term actionsTo the extent countries or regions have not already done so, each country or region pledges to review and report on the structure and principles of its regulatory system to ensure it is compatible with a modern and increasingly globalized financial system. To this end, all G-20 members commit to undertake a Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) report and support the transparent assessments of countries' national regulatory systems.The appropriate bodies should review the differentiated nature of regulation in the banking, securities, and insurance sectors and provide a report outlining the issue and making recommendations on needed improvements. A review of the scope of financial regulation, with a special emphasis on institutions, instruments, and markets that are currently unregulated, along with ensuring that all systemically-important institutions are appropriately regulated, should also be undertaken.National and regional authorities should review resolution regimes and bankruptcy laws in light of recent experience to ensure that they permit an orderly wind-down of large complex cross-border financial institutions.Definitions of capital should be harmonized in order to achieve consistent measures of capital and capital adequacy.Prudential OversightImmediate Actions by March 31, 2009Regulators should take steps to ensure that credit rating agencies meet the highest standards of the international organization of securities regulators and that they avoid conflicts of interest, provide greater disclosure to investors and to issuers, and differentiate ratings for complex products. This will help ensure that credit rating agencies have the right incentives and appropriate oversight to enable them to perform their important role in providing unbiased information and assessments to markets.The international organization of securities regulators should review credit rating agencies' adoption of the standards and mechanisms for monitoring compliance.Authorities should ensure that financial institutions maintain adequate capital in amounts necessary to sustain confidence. International standard setters should set out strengthened capital requirements for banks' structured credit and securitization activities.Supervisors and regulators, building on the imminent launch of central counterparty services for credit default swaps (CDS) in some countries, should: speed efforts to reduce the systemic risks of CDS and over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives transactions; insist that market participants support exchange traded or electronic trading platforms for CDS contracts; expand OTC derivatives market transparency; and ensure that the infrastructure for OTC derivatives can support growing volumes.Medium-term actionsCredit Ratings Agencies that provide public ratings should be registered.Supervisors and central banks should develop robust and internationally consistent approaches for liquidity supervision of, and central bank liquidity operations for, cross-border banks.Risk ManagementImmediate Actions by March 31, 2009Regulators should develop enhanced guidance to strengthen banks' risk management practices, in line with international best practices, and should encourage financial firms to reexamine their internal controls and implement strengthened policies for sound risk management.Regulators should develop and implement procedures to ensure that financial firms implement policies to better manage liquidity risk, including by creating strong liquidity cushions.Supervisors should ensure that financial firms develop processes that provide for timely and comprehensive measurement of risk concentrations and large counterparty risk positions across products and geographies.Firms should reassess their risk management models to guard against stress and report to supervisors on their efforts.The Basel Committee should study the need for and help develop firms' new stress testing models, as appropriate.Financial institutions should have clear internal incentives to promote stability, and action needs to be taken, through voluntary effort or regulatory action, to avoid compensation schemes which reward excessive short-term returns or risk taking.Banks should exercise effective risk management and due diligence over structured products and securitization.Medium -term actionsInternational standard setting bodies, working with a broad range of economies and other appropriate bodies, should ensure that regulatory policy makers are aware and able to respond rapidly to evolution and innovation in financial markets and products.Authorities should monitor substantial changes in asset prices and their implications for the macroeconomy and the financial system.Promoting Integrity in Financial MarketsImmediate Actions by March 31, 2009Our national and regional authorities should work together to enhance regulatory cooperation between jurisdictions on a regional and international level.National and regional authorities should work to promote information sharing about domestic and cross-border threats to market stability and ensure that national (or regional, where applicable) legal provisions are adequate to address these threats.National and regional authorities should also review business conduct rules to protect markets and investors, especially against market manipulation and fraud and strengthen their cross-border cooperation to protect the international financial system from illicit actors. In case of misconduct, there should be an appropriate sanctions regime.Medium -term actionsNational and regional authorities should implement national and international measures that protect the global financial system from uncooperative and non-transparent jurisdictions that pose risks of illicit financial activity.The Financial Action Task Force should continue its important work against money laundering and terrorist financing, and we support the efforts of the World Bank - UN Stolen Asset Recovery (StAR) Initiative.Tax authorities, drawing upon the work of relevant bodies such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), should continue efforts to promote tax information exchange. Lack of transparency and a failure to exchange tax information should be vigorously addressed.Reinforcing International CooperationImmediate Actions by March 31, 2009Supervisors should collaborate to establish supervisory colleges for all major cross-border financial institutions, as part of efforts to strengthen the surveillance of cross-border firms. Major global banks should meet regularly with their supervisory college for comprehensive discussions of the firm's activities and assessment of the risks it faces.Regulators should take all steps necessary to strengthen cross-border crisis management arrangements, including on cooperation and communication with each other and with appropriate authorities, and develop comprehensive contact lists and conduct simulation exercises, as appropriate.Medium -term actionsAuthorities, drawing especially on the work of regulators, should collect information on areas where convergence in regulatory practices such as accounting standards, auditing, and deposit insurance is making progress, is in need of accelerated progress, or where there may be potential for progress.Authorities should ensure that temporary measures to restore stability and confidence have minimal distortions and are unwound in a timely, well-sequenced and coordinated manner.Reforming International Financial InstitutionsImmediate Actions by March 31, 2009The FSF should expand to a broader membership of emerging economies.The IMF, with its focus on surveillance, and the expanded FSF, with its focus on standard setting, should strengthen their collaboration, enhancing efforts to better integrate regulatory and supervisory responses into the macro-prudential policy framework and conduct early warning exercises.The IMF, given its universal membership and core macro-financial expertise, should, in close coordination with the FSF and others, take a leading role in drawing lessons from the current crisis, consistent with its mandate.We should review the adequacy of the resources of the IMF, the World Bank Group and other multilateral development banks and stand ready to increase them where necessary. The IFIs should also continue to review and adapt their lending instruments to adequately meet their members' needs and revise their lending role in the light of the ongoing financial crisis.We should explore ways to restore emerging and developing countries' access to credit and resume private capital flows which are critical for sustainable growth and development, including ongoing infrastructure investment.In cases where severe market disruptions have limited access to the necessary financing for counter-cyclical fiscal policies, multilateral development banks must ensure arrangements are in place to support, as needed, those countries with a good track record and sound policies.Medium -term actionsWe underscored that the Bretton Woods Institutions must be comprehensively reformed so that they can more adequately reflect changing economic weights in the world economy and be more responsive to future challenges. Emerging and developing economies should have greater voice and representation in these institutions.The IMF should conduct vigorous and even-handed surveillance reviews of all countries, as well as giving greater attention to their financial sectors and better integrating the reviews with the joint IMF/World Bank financial sector assessment programs. On this basis, the role of the IMF in providing macro-financial policy advice would be strengthened.Advanced economies, the IMF, and other international organizations should provide capacity-building programs for emerging market economies and developing countries on the formulation and the implementation of new major regulations, consistent with international standards.
- (원문)피치, 국내 금융회사 등급전망 하향
- [이데일리 이학선기자] 다음은 피치사의 국내 금융회사의 등급전망 조정내용 원문이다. Fitch Revises Korean Financial Institutions' IDR's Outlooks to Negative Fitch Ratings has today revised Outlooks to Negative from Stable to the Long-term Foreign Currency Issuer Default Ratings (IDRs) of various Korean financial institutions as detailed below: Policy Institutions: Export-Import Bank of Korea: IDR 'A+'; Outlook revised to Negative from Stable; Korea Development Bank: IDR 'A+'; Outlook revised to Negative from Stable; Industrial Bank of Korea: IDR 'A+'; Outlook revised to Negative from Stable; National Agricultural Cooperative Federation: IDR 'A+'; Outlook revised to Negative from Stable; and Small Business Corporation: IDR 'A+'; Outlook revised to Negative from Stable. Commercial Banks: Shinhan Bank: IDR 'A'; Outlook revised to Negative from Stable; Woori Bank: IDR 'A-' (A minus); Outlook revised to Negative from Stable; Woori Financial Group: IDR 'BBB+'; Outlook revised to Negative from Stable; Hana Bank: IDR 'A-' (A minus); Outlook revised to Negative from Stable; Korea Exchange Bank: IDR 'A-' (A minus); Outlook revised to Negative from Stable; Pusan Bank: IDR 'BBB+'; Outlook revised to Negative from Stable; Kyongnam Bank: IDR 'BBB+'; Outlook revised to Negative from Stable; and Kwangju Bank: IDR 'BBB+'; Outlook revised to Negative from Stable. Fitch has also affirmed Kookmin Bank's IDR at 'A+' with a Negative Outlook. Securities Companies: Woori Investment & Securities Co Ltd (WIS): IDR 'BBB+'; Outlook revised to Negative from Stable; Korea Investment & Securities Co., Ltd (KIS): IDR 'BBB'; Outlook revised to Negative from Stable; and Korea Investment Holdings Co. Ltd: IDR 'BBB'; Outlook revised to Negative from Stable. Finance Companies: Daewoo Capital Co., Ltd.: IDR 'BB+'; Outlook revised to Negative from Stable. Fitch has also changed the Outlook of Hyundai Card Co., Ltd.'s IDR 'BBB' to Stable from Positive. The revision of Outlooks of the policy institutions, Korea Development Bank, Export-Import Bank of Korea, Industrial Bank of Korea, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, and Small Business Corporation to Negative from Stable is in line with Fitch's recent Outlook revision of the Korean sovereign to Negative from Stable, given that these institutions' IDRs are based on the potential of support from the sovereign.The revision to the Outlooks of the commercial banks reflects concerns that credit costs could rise considerably over the medium term due to economic slowing and tight system-wide liquidity in both foreign currency and local won as well as the potential for other losses such as on securities holdings, as discussed more in Fitch's just released comment, 'Korean Banks: Recent Developments & their Implications'. The revision to the Outlooks of the Fitch-rated securities companies takes into account their higher risk business models, and reflects the potential for significant losses on investments, due to the dramatic movement in markets in recent times. It also factors in the likelihood of notably higher funding costs and possible funding constraints given their reliance on wholesale markets. At the same time, the agency recognizes the securities companies' significant capitalization levels; KIS's net capital ratio stood at 493% while WIS's was at 390% at 30 June 2008, against a harsh regulatory minimum of 300%.Hyundai Card's revised Outlook to Stable from Positive takes into account the company's prudent growth in outstandings in recent years; its focus on transactional customers should limit credit costs going forward. It also recognizes Hyundai's very substantial capitalization (total CAR of 26.8% at 30 June 2008). Together, these factors should ensure ongoing satisfactory access to wholesale funding at a reasonable, although higher than usual, cost. As a result, the agency expects Hyundai will remain profitable, albeit considerably down on the high levels of recent years when it typically achieved an underlying return on assets of 3% or more. Finally, Fitch has revised Daewoo Capital's IDR 'BB+' Outlook to Negative from Stable following the company's strong asset growth of 79% over the 18 months to 30 June 2008. This has increased the likelihood of higher credit costs going forward, whilst reducing its capitalization with its CAR declining to around 12.3% at 30 June 2008 from 19.0% at 31 December 2006. Higher funding costs and access are also a concern given the company's reliance on wholesale markets.In line with the Outlook changes detailed above, several associated rating Outlooks have also been revised to Negative as follows: Export-Import Bank of Korea: Long-term Local Currency IDR 'AA'; Outlook revised to Negative from Stable; and Support Rating Floor of 'A+'. Korea Development Bank: Support Rating Floor of 'A+'. Industrial Bank of Korea: Support Rating Floor of 'A+'. Small Business Corporation: Long-term Local Currency IDR 'AA'; Outlook revised to Negative from Stable. Shinhan Bank: Support Rating Floor of 'A-' (A minus); Short-term IDR of 'F1'; and Support Rating of '1'. Woori Bank: Support Rating Floor of 'A-' (A minus); and Support Rating of '1'. Woori Financial Group: Short-term IDR of 'F2'. Hana Bank: Support Rating Floor of 'A-' (A minus); and Support Rating of '1'. Korea Exchange Bank: Support Rating Floor of 'BBB+'. Pusan Bank: Support Rating Floor of 'BBB'; and Short-term IDR of 'F2'. Kyongnam Bank: Support Rating Floor of 'BBB'; and Short-term IDR of 'F2'. Kwangju Bank: Support Rating Floor of 'BBB'; and Short-term IDR of 'F2'. Woori Investment & Securities Co.: Short-term IDR of 'F2'.
- 피치 "韓 등급하향 가능성 50% 이상"(상보)
- [이데일리 박옥희기자] 국제 신용평가사인 피치사의 제임스 맥코맥 아시아 국가신용등급 헤드는 한국의 신용등급 전망을 하향 조정한 데 이어 "국가신용등급을 하향 조정할 가능성이 있다"고 밝혔다. 10일 맥코맥 헤드는 이데일리와 가진 전화인터뷰에서 `한국의 신용등급을 하향조정할 가능성이 있는가`라는 질문에 "가능하다(that is possible)"라며 "전망이 부정적(Negative)이라는 것은 신용등급을 하향할 가능성이 50% 이상임을 의미한다"고 설명했다. `내년 연례협의 때 한국의 신용등급을 하향조정할 가능성이 있다는 의미인가`라는 질문에 대해서는 "현재 상황이 급변하고 있기 때문에 등급 하향은 언제든지 일어날 수 있다"며 "내년 연례협의 때까지 기다리지는 않을 것"이라고 말했다. 이어 "세계 자본시장이 안정되면 (한국의) 등급전망을 다시 올리고, 세계 자본시장이 더 나빠지고, 한국의 외환보유고 규모가 더 줄어들면 신용등급을 하향할 수 있다"고 덧붙였다. 또 "(한국의) 외환보유고 규모는 매달 발표된다"고 덧붙였다. 피치사가 한국의 신용등급 전망 하향 관련 보도자료에서 `BOK engages in less targeted foreign exchange intervention`이라고 표현한 것과 관련해서는 "한국은행이 환율을 방어하느라 외환보유고가 감소하는 것에 대한 우려"라며 "이는 부정적"이라고 설명했다. 그는 "외환보유액이 감소할 잠재적인 가능성이 있다"며 "은행들의 대외채무에 대해 1000억달러 규모의 지급보증을 해주기로 하는 등 외환보유액이 필요한 곳이 있다"고 말했다. 또 "(피치사는) 한국의 외환보유액이 감소하는 추세를 지켜보고 있다"고 덧붙였다.이번에 국가들의 신용등급을 평가할 때 피치가 가장 중요하게 본 3가지 요소는 ▲세계경기 둔화 ▲상품가격 하락 ▲국제 유동성 부족 등이다. 맥코맥 헤드는 "이 중 국제 유동성 부족에 있어 한국이 문제가 됐다"며 "한국 은행들이 그동안 해외에서 많은 자금을 빌려왔고, 이를 롤오버 하기 위해서는 지속적으로 빌려와야 한다"고 지적했다. 그는 "중국, 대만 등 다른 국가들은 이같은 문제가 없다"며 "다른 국가들은 한국처럼 이 문제에 노출돼 있지 않다"고 설명했다. 이번에 피치사가 신용등급을 검토한 17개 신흥국가 중 아시아 국가는 한국, 중국, 대만, 태국, 인도, 말레이시아 등 6개국으로 이 중 한국은 등급전망이 `안정적(Stable)`에서 `부정적(Negative)`로, 말레이시아는 `긍정적(Positive)`에서 `안정적`으로 하향 조정됐다. 나머지 국가에 대해서는 기존 등급전망을 유지했다. 맥코맥 헤드는 세계 경기둔화와 상품가격 하락과 관련해서는 "세계 경기둔화는 모든 아시아 국가에 부정적인 영향을 주고, 상품 가격 하락은 한국을 포함한 모든 아시아 국가에 긍정적"이라고 설명했다.
- (원문)오바마 당선인 첫 기자회견
- [뉴욕=이데일리 전설리특파원] Chicago, IllinoisThis morning, we woke to more sobering news about the state of our economy. The 240,000 jobs lost in October marks the 10th consecutive month that our economy has shed jobs. In total, we've lost nearly 1.2 million jobs this year, and more than 10 million Americans are now unemployed. Tens of millions of families are struggling to figure out how to pay the bills and stay in their homes. Their stories are an urgent reminder that we are facing the greatest economic challenge of our lifetime, and we must act swiftly to resolve them.The United States has only one government and one President, and until January 20th of next year, that government is the current Administration. I have spoken to President Bush, and I appreciate his commitment to ensuring that his economic policy team keeps us fully informed as developments unfold.Immediately after I become President, I will confront this economic crisis head-on by taking all necessary steps to ease the credit crisis, help hardworking families, and restore growth and prosperity.This morning, I met with members of my Transition Economic Advisory Board, who will help guide the work of my transition team in developing a strong set of policies to respond to this crisis. We discussed several of the most immediate challenges facing our economy and key priorities on which to focus on in the days and weeks ahead.First, we need a rescue plan for the middle class that invests in immediate efforts to create jobs and provides relief to families that are watching their paychecks shrink and their life savings disappear. A particularly urgent priority is a further extension of unemployment insurance benefits for workers who cannot find work in the increasingly weak economy. A fiscal stimulus plan that will jump-start economic growth is long overdue - and we should get it done.Second, we must address the spreading impact of the financial crisis on other sectors of our economy: small businesses that are struggling to meet their payrolls and finance their holiday inventories; and state and municipal governments facing devastating budget cuts and tax increases. We must also remember that the financial crisis is increasingly global and requires a global response.The news coming out of the auto industry this week reminds us of the hardship it faces - hardship that goes far beyond individual auto companies to the countless suppliers, small businesses and communities throughout our nation who depend on a vibrant American auto industry. The auto industry is the backbone of American manufacturing and a critical part of our attempt to reduce our dependence on foreign oil. I would like to see the Administration do everything they can to accelerate the retooling assistance that Congress has already enacted. In addition, I have made it a high priority for my transition team to work on additional policy options to help the auto industry adjust, weather the financial crisis, and succeed in producing fuel-efficient cars here in the United States. I have asked my team to explore what we can do under current law and whether additional legislation will be needed for this purpose.Third, we will review the implementation of this Administration's financial program to ensure that our government's efforts are achieving their central goal of stabilizing financial markets while protecting taxpayers, helping homeowners and not unduly rewarding the management of financial firms that are receiving government assistance. It is critical that the Treasury work closely with the FDIC, HUD and other government agencies to use the substantial authority they already have to help families avoid foreclosure and stay in their homes.Finally, as we monitor and address these immediate economic challenges, we will be moving forward in laying out a set of policies that will grow our middle-class and strengthen our economy in the long-term. We cannot afford to wait on moving forward on the key priorities that I identified during the campaign, including clean energy, health care, education and tax relief for middle class families.My transition team will be working on each of these priorities in the weeks ahead, and I intend to reconvene this Advisory Board to discuss the best ideas for responding to these immediate problems.Let me close by saying that I do not underestimate the enormity of the task that lies ahead. We have taken some major actions to date, and we will need further actions during this transition and subsequent months. Some of those choices will be difficult, but America is a strong and resilient country. I know that we will succeed if we put aside partisanship and work together as one nation. And that is what I intend to do.
- (원문)韓-美 300억弗 통화스왑 체결 성명서
- [뉴욕=이데일리 김기성특파원] Release Date: October 29, 2008 For release at 3:30 p.m. EDT Today, the Federal Reserve, the Banco Central do Brasil, the Banco de Mexico, the Bank of Korea, and the Monetary Authority of Singapore are announcing the establishment of temporary reciprocal currency arrangements (swap lines). These facilities, like those already established with other central banks, are designed to help improve liquidity conditions in global financial markets and to mitigate the spread of difficulties in obtaining U.S. dollar funding in fundamentally sound and well managed economies. Federal Reserve ActionsIn response to the heightened stress associated with the global financial turmoil, which has broadened to emerging market economies, the Federal Reserve has authorized the establishment of temporary liquidity swap facilities with the central banks of these four large and systemically important economies. These new facilities will support the provision of U.S. dollar liquidity in amounts of up to $30 billion each by the Banco Central do Brasil, the Banco de Mexico, the Bank of Korea, and the Monetary Authority of Singapore.These reciprocal currency arrangements have been authorized through April 30, 2009.The FOMC previously authorized temporary reciprocal currency arrangements with ten other central banks: the Reserve Bank of Australia, the Bank of Canada, Danmarks Nationalbank, the Bank of England, the European Central Bank, the Bank of Japan, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, the Norges Bank, the Sveriges Riksbank, and the Swiss National Bank.IMF AnnouncementSeparately, the Federal Reserve welcomes the announcement today by the International Monetary Fund of the establishment of the Short-Term Liquidity Facility, which is designed to help member countries that are facing temporary liquidity problems in the global capital markets. The Federal Reserve is supportive of the IMF's role in helping countries address and resolve their ongoing economic and financial difficulties. Information on Related Actions Being Taken by Other Central Banks and by the IMFInformation on the actions that will be taken by central banks and by the International Monetary Fund is available at the following websites:
- (원문)美 FOMC 10월 성명서..`기준금리 50bp 인하`
- [뉴욕=이데일리 전설리특파원] Release Date: October 29, 2008 For immediate releaseThe Federal Open Market Committee decided today to lower its target for the federal funds rate 50 basis points to 1 percent. The pace of economic activity appears to have slowed markedly, owing importantly to a decline in consumer expenditures. Business equipment spending and industrial production have weakened in recent months, and slowing economic activity in many foreign economies is damping the prospects for U.S. exports. Moreover, the intensification of financial market turmoil is likely to exert additional restraint on spending, partly by further reducing the ability of households and businesses to obtain credit. In light of the declines in the prices of energy and other commodities and the weaker prospects for economic activity, the Committee expects inflation to moderate in coming quarters to levels consistent with price stability.Recent policy actions, including today’s rate reduction, coordinated interest rate cuts by central banks, extraordinary liquidity measures, and official steps to strengthen financial systems, should help over time to improve credit conditions and promote a return to moderate economic growth. Nevertheless, downside risks to growth remain. The Committee will monitor economic and financial developments carefully and will act as needed to promote sustainable economic growth and price stability.Voting for the FOMC monetary policy action were: Ben S. Bernanke, Chairman; Timothy F. Geithner, Vice Chairman; Elizabeth A. Duke; Richard W. Fisher; Donald L. Kohn; Randall S. Kroszner; Sandra Pianalto; Charles I. Plosser; Gary H. Stern; and Kevin M. Warsh.In a related action, the Board of Governors unanimously approved a 50-basis-point decrease in the discount rate to 1-1/4 percent. In taking this action, the Board approved the requests submitted by the Boards of Directors of the Federal Reserve Banks of Boston, New York, Cleveland, and San Francisco.
- (국제협상 25시)미국의 협상 전략
- [이데일리 박상기 칼럼니스트] 한미 FTA 협상, 미국산 소고기 수입협상, 주한 미군기지 이전 비용 협상 등등. 우리나라의 대외 협상 부분에서 가장 광범위한 분야에서 그리고 가장 커다란 비중을 가진 나라 미합중국. 영어로는 The United States of America이다. 즉, 개별 주권을 갖고 있는 50개의 나라가 합의에 의해 하나의 공화국으로 존재하는 나라인 것이다. 그러나 필자는 미국의 실질적 명칭은 The United Corporates of America 가 더 적절치 않나 생각해 본다. 이유는 개별 주(State)의 주장이나 권익을 보호하고자 했던 1776년 독립선언 당시의 의미는 이미 퇴색했고, 오늘날의 미국은 막강한 거대 자본으로 대변되는 기업들(Corporates)의 권익과 주장이 의회내의 입법과정에서 심지어 외국과의 외교 및 통상 문제에서 조차 거의 완벽하고도 합법적으로 보호되고 실현되는 나라로 변모되었기 때문이다. 구 소련 붕괴 및 동유럽 개방에 의한 냉전 체재 종식을 이끌어 낸 레이건 정권 이후 방위산업을 위시한 거대 기업과 친정 관계인 네오콘의 급속한 성장과 지속적 권력 장악은 8년 간의 부시 정권 기간 내내 그 절정을 구가하며 거대 기업 중심의 대내외 경제 및 외교통상정책의 기조를 확고히 다져온 점을 본다면 더욱더 분명해진다. 더욱이 유럽 연합 및 중국발 아시아 신경제 블록의 대두로 인해 세계경제 패권을 잡기가 점차 녹록하지 않은 상황인 데다, 누적된 엄청난 연방 적자 그리고 최근의 서브프라임 사태로 촉발된 총체적 경제 위기 상황은, 미국으로 하여금 국제 사회에서의 무력화를 방지하고 미국경제 회복의 조속한 실현을 지상과제로 삼을 것은 자명하다. 따라서, 차기 대통령이 민주당의 오바마가 되든 공화당의 맥케인이 되든 상관없이 공격적인 대외 경제 및 무역정책은 그 강도를 더해갈 것으로 전망된다. 여기에 우리 대한민국의 어려움이 있다. 60여 년을 이어 온 둘도 없는 동맹국으로서 또한 최대 교역국인 한국에 대해, 한마디로 돈과 관련된 모든 정부간 외교, 군사, 통상협상에서 그리고 기업간의 비즈니스 협상에서 전에 없이 국수적 태도의 강공을 펼쳐 올 것은 명약관화하다. 한미 FTA 협상 및 미국산 소고기 수입 협상에서 우리는 한치의 양보도 없는 미국의 공세적 협상을 이미 경험한 바 있다. 그리고, 현재 진행중인 주한 미군기지 이전 비용 및 유지 비용협상 등에서 목격되고 있는 미정부의 과도한 일방적 비용분담 및 비타협적 협상태도는 이러한 우리의 우려가 기우가 아님을 뒷받침 해주고 있다. 그런데 왜 우리는 매번 미국과의 협상에서, 그 것이 양국 정부간의 외교협상이든 기업간의 비즈니스 협상이든 간에 항상 답답하고 지리멸렬한 협상을 거듭하고 있는 것일까? 왜 우리는 매번 깨지고만 있는 것일까? 더 가관인 것은, 누가 봐도 밀려도 한참 밀린 협상인데, 우리측 협상 팀이 오히려 더 큰 목소리로 성공협상을 자화자찬하며 스스로 공치사 한다는 데 있다. 도대체 무슨 공을 치하하고 무엇을 축하한단 말인가? 바로 여기에 미국의 對 한국 협상 전략이 숨겨져 있다. 그 협상 전략 전술은 호사가들의 얘기처럼 그다지 놀랍도록 창의적이라던가, 우리로선 생각도 할 수 없을 정도로 유별나게 새로울 것은 하나 없다. 거의 언제나 또 거의 모든 對 한국 협상에서 반세기 이상 판에 밖은 듯이 반복적으로 시행되어 왔다는 것이 옳다. 되려, 그토록 변화 없이 반복 되어 온 그들의 협상전략전술을 아직도 간파하지 못한 체, 혹은 대응책을 찾지 못한 체, 허구한날 판판이 당하기만 하는 상황이 오히려 신기하고 이해가 가지 않을 뿐이다. 어쨌든 그 모든 내막을 이 자리에서 다 풀어 헤칠 수는 없고 필자가 그 동안 조사한 미국 정부 기관 및 기업에서 한국과의 협상에서 반드시 적용하라고 교육하는 기본 내용 몇 가지만 소개하고자 한다. 첫째, 한국인과의 협상에서는 가격이든 세부 계약조건이든, 심지어 계약서 양식까지도 절대 주도권을 놓치지 마라. (Take initiative with Koreans on price offers, terms, conditions, and even the format of a contract.) 그러면 한국인들은 해당 분야에서 자신들을 능가하는 식견을 소지한 전문가로 당신을 인식하고 오히려 고분고분해 질 것이다. 둘째, 처음부터 단호한 입장을 취하고 최초의 제안을 일체의 양보 없이 협상후반까지 밀어 붙여라. (Stand firm at the beginning and repeat your offer.) 협상 초기 적정한 양보가 미덕이자 관습인 한국 사람들로선, 위세 등등한 미국이 요지부동 일절 양보 없이 막판까지 밀고 가기만 하면 결국은 별 저항 없이 수용할 것이다. (이를 Hard-nosed negotiation(강경협상) 이라 부른다) 셋째, 한국측 협상 상대를 일단 막판까지 몰아 붙여라. 미국에게 일방적으로 밀리는 가운데, 협상 실패로 인한 처벌과 비난을 받을 지 몰라 안절부절못하지 못하고 있는 한국측 협상 상대에게 그의 실추된 체면과 위신을 살릴 수 있도록 적절한 ‘타협’이란 양보 제스처를 써서 협상을 유리하게 마무리 지어라. (It is wise to compromise at certain times to allow Korean partner to save face or maintain respectable image.) 실무 협상자뿐 아니라, 배후의 최고 결정권자의 체면과 위신도 함께 살려 주게 되므로, 대외적 체면을 중요시하는 한국인과의 협상 종결 기법으로 이 보다 나은 것은 없다. 게다가, 최종 서명에 앞서 호의로 포장한 추가 양보, 즉, 별것 아닌 덤이라도 하나 더 얹어 주면, 한국측은 이를 대외적으로 성공 협상의 대표적 증거로 떠벌릴 것이니 가급적 챙겨 주는 것도 나쁘지 않다. (이를 Sweetner 라고도 부른다.) 넷째, 한국측 핵심 인물과의 돈독한 개인적 유대 관계 수립에 힘써라. 일단 한국인과 친분을 맺게 되면 한국인들은 미국의 유력자인 당신에게 어지간한 상황 정보는 다 알려 줄 뿐 아니라, 문제가 발생하더라도 당신을 위해 중재자 역할을 기꺼이 자처하며 나서줄 것이기 때문이다. 즉, 한국에선 관계가 관건이다. (Get closer to and establish a friendly relationship with the person or group in charge. The Korean will tell you the whole story and help to mediate if problems are encountered. Relationships are the keys to success.) 공사가 불분명한 한국인과의 개인적 유대는 결국 공적 협상이 난관에 봉착했을 때, 뜻밖의 돌파구를 열어 줄 것이다. 최소한 위에서 열거한 ‘미국측의 한국을 상대로 한 협상 전략 전술’만이라도 제대로 파악하고 향후 협상 테이블에 나서는 우리 정부와 기업의 노력을 기대해 본다 박상기 글로벌협상컨설팅 대표
